The bust that Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) made for Francesco I d'Este comes twelve years after the oil portrait of Velazquez. If in the first case the transition of the young monarch towards maturity is immortalized, the portrait-bust created by Bernini is a typical example of a state portrait, apt to capture and eternalize the magnificence of the sovereign. It was no coincidence that Francesco I d'Este had undertaken to make the courts of Modena and Sassuolo, through a conspicuous program of patronage, two European courts in full title, which in terms of pomp, luxury and sophistication would have been in dialogue with the courts of the major European capitals of the time.