The portrait was commissioned by Francesco I d'Este on the occasion of a state visit to Spain, undertaken in the summer of 1638, thanks to which he hoped to forge a significant alliance with King Philip IV. During this stay the young duke decided to be portrayed by Diego Velázquez (1599-1660), official court painter and one of the most acclaimed artists of his time. The portrait, in addition to being realized from a close viewpoint, presents a three-quarter cut, in such a way as to give a sensation of immediacy and proximity, almost intimacy. The painter's careful sense of introspection succeeds in capturing the essence of the young Duke by giving the portrait a patina of informal royalty, not devoid of a hint of ambition and desire for prestige.