The so-called Arpa Estense is a precious artifact, unique in its kind: not only is it a rare example of a musical instrument of the XVI which has reached our days, but its singular history is significant to understand how important music was in court life in the Italy of the time lords. It was built in Rome in 1581, in a workshop of the circle of Giovanni Battista Giacometti. The harp decoration, carried out between 1587 and 1589, was entrusted to the Ferrarese painter Giulio Marescotti, however the design of the upper friezes was executed by Giuseppe Mazzuoli known as il Bastarolo. The execution of the frieze was then carried out by Orazio Lamberti, while the gilding of the same was carried out by Giovan Battista Rosselli. The harp, commissioned by the duke Alfonso II d'Este, destined to the Mantuan Laura Peperara, who with Livia d'Arco and Anna Guarini created a concert of secretive music, also known as concert of the principal ladies, which made Ferrara a refined center of musical culture.